Turkey, Us and Iraq by William Hale

Author:William Hale [Hale, William]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International Relations, Political Science, General, Diplomacy
ISBN: 9780863568824
Google: LzkhBQAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 16674435
Publisher: Saqi Books
Published: 2007-04-01T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1. For a detailed account, see Richard C. Campany, Jr., Turkey and the United States: The Arms Embargo Period, New York: Praeger, 1986.

2. Mark Parris, ‘Allergic Partners: Can US–Turkish Relations be Saved?’, Turkish Policy Quarterly, vol. 4, no. 1, 2005, p. 1.

3. Daniel Pipes, in a round-table discussion chaired by James Glazov, ‘Turkey: the Road to Sharia?’, FrontPageMagazine.com, 6 May 2005 <www.frontpagemagazine.com>, p. 3.

4. Michael Rubin, in ibid., p. 6.

5. Under the Turkish constitution, general elections must be held at least once every five years. However, parliament can vote to hold early elections by a simple majority (the Prime Minister does not have the right to dissolve parliament unilaterally).

6. Interview with Mrs Ecevit (who was officially Deputy Chair of the DSP) in Milliyet, 15 May 1999.

7. Ibid., 30 June 1999. See also Ayten Gündoğdu, ‘Identities in Question: Greek–Turkish Relations in a Period of Transformation (1)’ MERIA Journal, vol. 5, no. 1, 2000.

8. See Hande Paker, ‘Particularistic Interactions: State (In)Capacity, Civil Society, and Disaster Management’, in Fikret Adaman and Murat Arsel, eds, Environmentalism in Turkey: Between Democracy and Development?, Aldershot and Burlington VT, Ashgate, 2005, pp. 282–5; Paul Kubicek, ‘The Earthquake, Europe, and Prospects for Political Change in Turkey’, MERIA Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, 2000, pp. 2–4.

9. For the details, see Ergun Özbudun and Serap Yazıcı, Democratization Reforms in Turkey (1993–2004), Istanbul, Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation [TESEV], 2004.

10. Briefing (Ankara: weekly) 26 Feb. 2001, pp. 3, 6, 8 and 10: website of NTV television, Istanbul <www.ntvmsnbc.com> 19 Feb. 2002.

11. An example was an incident reported in October 2001 when Derviş, then in Washington, was evidently having difficulty in persuading the IMF to release the next tranche of agreed credit, or extend new loans. On 5 October he made a direct approach to Vice President Dick Cheney, following which the IMF agreed to a new standby agreement. See Bülent Aliriza, ‘Turkey and the Global Storm’, Insight Turkey (Istanbul: quarterly) vol. 3, no. 4, 2001, p. 33.

12. For a summary of the 2001 crisis, and the following IMF-backed recovery programme, see Country Profile 2005: Turkey, London, Economist Intelligence Unit, 2005, pp. 38–9. Other data from ibid. p. 71.

13. See reports in Hurriyet, 4 May 2002: NTV website, 13, 17 and 27 May, and 10 June 2002; Radikal, 10 June 2002; Briefing, 10 June 2002, p. 2.

14. NTV website, 31 July 2002.

15. Under Article 312 of the then Turkish Penal Code.

16. For more detailed accounts of Erdoğan’s career up to 2002, see Metin Heper and Şule Toktaş, ‘Islam, Modernity and Democracy in Contemporary Turkey: The Case of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’, Muslim World, vol. 95, no. 2, 2003, pp. 157–85; Ruşen Çakır and Fehmi Çalmuk, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: Bir Dönüşüm Öyküsü, Istanbul, Metis, 2001, esp. pp. 9–111 and 183–95; Bilal Çetin, Türk Siyasetinde bir Kasımpaşalı; Tayyip Erdoğan, Istanbul, Gündem, 2003, passim.

17. Hurriyet, 11 Dec. 2002.

18. NTV website, 2 Dec. 2002.

19. Ibid., 11 and 12 Mar. 2003.

20. Briefing, 22 Nov. 1999, pp. 7 and 28, and 29 November 1999, p. 3: International Herald Tribune, 22 Nov.

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